Intra-Racial Discrimination

Krystal LopezPage 1 10/23/11 Hispanics Vs. Hispanics: Inter-racial Discrimination Many Americans believe that racial discrimination is no longer problematic in today's society. Situations of interracial discrimination are often cited, but this does not to take into account that there is often conflict within the race as well. This misconception stems from the fact that diversity amongst the racial groups is often overlooked. Intra-racial discrimination is when a person or group of people of the same race use factors including, but not limited to, socioeconomic background, appearance, and kin color. Social or workplace hierarchies often develop under racial influence. Hostilities and tensions can reside in every race of minority, but it is highly apparent in the Hispanic community. Intra-racial discrimination has far reaching effects on not only the individual minority, but on the race as a whole. The pressure of this type of discrimination affects how Hispanics collaborate within a s ociety of American superiority. For instance, people of Hispanic descent who do not speak Spanish are often mistreated by people of their own, ethnic background. These people might be found ulturally lacking and treated differently from those that speak the language. The differences within a specific race are nothing more than that. They are purely genetic or cultural, and do not hold any value. It becomes a matter of cultural perception of what is expected rather than an actual cultural lack. Typically among Hispanics and other ethnic minorities, discrimination is an increasing actuality witnessed even in the workplace. With the Hispanic population growing rapidly, along with their increasing numbers of employment, it is becoming more apparent that inter and intra-racial iscrimination will target them as both victims and perpetrators. A hierarchy, or pecking order between races and within races, and biased management are some of prime examples of workplace inequalities. Situations like these occur because of the lack of people's understanding of diversity. Page 2 Discrimination is also prevalent within a race as seen in how some believe that varying skin tones is cause for racial disparity. With a wide array of skin tones, Hispanics believe they are easily targeted for ridicule and mistreatment. Even within their own race, some believe that lighter skin tones rovide them much more opportunities, and can help them to be more successful in a white dominated community. More opportunities were provided for those with lighter skin. Not only do Hispanics in America face more discrimination in regards to their outer appearance, they also deal with the constant battle of being accused that they are not being ethnic enough, or being too â€Å"Americanized† and not keeping their culture and traditions alive. Part of the Hispanic population across the Mexican border feel that American Hispanics are â€Å"traitors† to their thnicity because they have denied themselves their rich, historical culture and thus abandoned their roots. Some Non-White Hispanics discriminate against their own race, not because of any physical differences, but because of the similarities they share. Some identify with whites to such an extent, that they believe they are white themselves. Ultimately, being discriminated against can lead to the shameful denial of one's self and their heritage, in hopes of becoming a more easily accepted member of a predominantly White America. Their wish is to assimilate into the culture and to â€Å"fit in†. In the article, Raising the Status of the Cashier, Agius and Lee report on their findings while observing the interaction between Hispanic cashiers born in another country and their white customers. The results of their three month long observations and their twenty interviews, was very surprising. La Canasta is an ethnic market catering to the Hispanic population in the area. When it was originally proposed for that area, local communities tried to stop it from being put in. The employees are all Hispanic and the cashiers are all Hispanic females that were born in another country and do not speak Page 3 English. Due to the fact that this store caters to the Hispanic population, it was interesting to learn that over a period of time, the white customer base actually jumped dramatically. What the researchers found even more interesting was the fact that the Hispanic cashiers actually treated the white customers better than the Hispanic ones. The cashiers thanked the white customers on an average three times compared to one on the Hispanic customers. They spent more time and lingered on the sale with the white customer. The Hispanic cashiers tended to be more friendly and smile with the white customers. These findings went against the findings of previous research under McCormick and Kinloch (1986). This research indicated that it was more about the racial situation between whites and Hispanics rather than the race of the cashier. This was not the case at La Canasta. It appeared that the cashiers went the extra mile for their white guests. Even though, it was impossible to verbally communicate, the cashiers would joke with the white customers more than the Hispanic ones. When asked why they went to this specific store, the white guests indicated that they liked being the only hite person in the store and receiving personalized attention. When the cashiers were asked about the diverse background visiting the store, they all indicated that there was a fair percentage of white people. When asking the white customers, they all indicated that they were the only white people in the store even if there were other white people in the store at that very time. La Canasta shows that their can be discrimination within the same race. â€Å"The cashiers do not resent their White customers†¦ and accept their place in the social hierarchy† (Agius & Lee, 214). It appears that the cashiers felt that there was a growth in social status by helping the white customers. Thus, consciously or subconsciously, they treated the white customers better than their own nationality. The cashiers believe that â€Å"their presence alone raises their status† (Agius & Lee, 215). They are not just cashiers, but cashiers that serve white customers. Page 4 Discrimination has been around for thousands of years. It seeps into all societies and often changes rational men to irrational. It is not just between two races; it knows no bounds or restrictions. Within a culture, there can be discrimination. It can be based upon the slight shade in a skin tone, to the perception that one's race may elevate social status. It covers all facets of a culture from customs to speaking the language. Diversity within the Hispanic culture provides many outlets for discrimination of all kinds. It is just as destructive intra-racially as it is inter-racially. Works Cited Jody A. Agius and Jennifer Lee, â€Å"Raising the Status of the Cashier: Latina-White Interactions in an Ethnic Market,† 18/10/201: 27 pages, Springer

Entertainment and Communication Essay

As an avenue of entertainment and communication, and as a research and reference tool, the internet has had a huge impact on the modern societies of developed nations. At the same time, there is concern that the disadvantages and negative influences may outweigh the benefits to the society. This essay argues that, in the last decade, the advantages of the internet far outweigh the disadvantages. This claim is addressed with the support of current authoritative sources which provide the framework for making such a claim. This essay first explores the effect of the internet on the social structures of family life, and religious and spiritual practice. Subsequently, this essay examines the repercussions of the internet on national cultural identity and multiculturalism. Firstly, in the last ten years, modern family life has been enhanced by developments in technology, and the internet is no exception. The advent of the internet affords parents the opportunity to use the World Wide Web to work from home, removing the need to place pre-school age children in day care centres in the care of strangers and so reinforcing the family unit (Jenkins 2010). However, the benefits of the internet not only have implications for immediate family; members of the extended family can overcome the barriers of time or distance to remain close through such channels as email or social networking sites, for example Facebook. Despite this, Fenech (2007) asserts that the internet has eroded some aspects of family life. Where previous generations may have forsaken dinner conversation in order to watch television together, the practical dimensions of a laptop screen now preclude this act of â€Å"togetherness† (p342). Nevertheless, any avenue that generally allows more opportunity for contact between members of an immediate or extended family has to be seen as advantageous. Moreover, the internet allows a sense of inclusion that goes beyond the family sphere. Secondly, due to the increasing accessibility of the internet in the last ten years, participating in a religion no longer necessarily depends on a person’s ability to attend a place of worship. The virtual ‘congregation’ may offer a person more opportunities of interaction with both the spiritual leader and other devotees by providing facilities such as blogs, chat rooms and video links. Moreover, this creates a sense of belonging to a religious or spiritual community where one may have not existed before, as more and more people commute, work longer hours and, indeed, are required to work on public holidays, which often coincide with religious festivals (Wong 2009). Though Goldstein (2008) ascertains that the flagrant consumerism promoted through such mass media outlets as the internet is responsible for a turn away from religious practices and a rapid decline in religious service attendance, her research focuses solely on, Christianity, Judaism and Islam and is not inclusive of growing sects such as Jews For Jesus and alternative religions such as The Baha’i Faith. Groups such as these use the internet to unite their followers globally (Wong 2009).What is more, the internet is uniting people on a more personal and intimate level. Thirdly, the internet offers the opportunity to maintain cultural ties with one’s country even when living abroad for work purposes. Expatriates can view electronic versions of newspapers, stream and download news, current affairs programmes and local dramas from their country of origin, so keeping in contact with the culture. It could be argued, as Azhad (2008) does, that this process could be facilitated just as easily by print media and DVD recordings being sent through the mail, as would have been the norm a decade ago. Nonetheless, it is the ‘live’ experience of being able to access news from home â€Å"as it happens† that reinforces a national’s ties to the home culture, and simulates a feeling of â€Å"being there† (Olsten 2008 p.6). This connectedness to home alleviates feelings an expatriate might have of dislocation or alienation from their countrymen, as ‘real time’ exposure to the home vernacular creates common reference points, making communication a much smoother process (Wong 2009). Equally, other facilities afforded by the internet, such as Skype, enable someone away from home to still have a presence in the home country as they participate in the celebration of cultural festivals and national holidays, thus reinforcing their commitment  to nationalism in the eyes of their compatriots and tightening the ties that bind. Alternatively, just as the internet serves to strengthen national identity, it can also provide a point of reference for those who live in a multicultural context. Finally, in a globalised world, the last ten years have seen the internet augment a multicultural society by creating a venue to air diverse cultural opinions and to construct diverse cultural identities. Mainstream newspapers, radio and current affairs programmes are representative of a perceived norm and do not reflect the complexity of a multicultural society. In turn, ethnocentric or non-mainstream media reach a narrowly targeted audience and serve to further ghettoize â€Å"the other† (Zadrow 2010 p.11). The internet thus provides the opportunity for any voice to be heard alongside and equally with all other voices in the country, community, or indeed, the world. In this way the internet equips the global citizen with a fluidity they can use to exist and interact both globally and locally, rather than being confined to a fixed and marginalised identity. Notwithstanding the fact that the internet is English based and broadly advocates a western lifestyle, this does not necessarily mean it must lead to a homogenized world. Citing the research of Kennard, Zadrow (2010) maintains that the internet acts as an interactive archive from which an individual can draw all the elements to both create and, more importantly, preserve cultural identity. In conclusion, this essay explored the effect of the internet on people’s lives in the last decade and found that the advantages of the internet far overshadow the disadvantages. It found the internet has had positive effects on family life, allowing the hands on parenting of pre-school children by those parents who are able to use the internet to work from home. In addition, it has reinforced the extended family by harnessing email and social networking sites as a means to stay in direct contact. Furthermore, blogs, chat rooms and video links have offered an alternative to attendance at religious services, which have suffered such rapid decline in recent times. Another positive effect of the internet is its ability to re-assert national identity, particularly for those living abroad, as they retain  remote access to the home culture by being able to download or stream current affairs or local drama. Finally, the internet enhances multiculturalism by offering an alternative to mainstream media representations of the norm to those who identify as ‘the other’. Arguments which support the negative impact of the internet on people’s lives in the 21st century focus on very narrow aspects and fail to acknowledge the broad range of benefits the internet has borne on contemporary society. References Azhad, S 2008, ‘Is digital dumbing us down?’, Journal of Australian Initiative, vol. 20, no.1, pp.5-7, viewed 30 October 2011, via JSTOR. Fenech, P 2007, Western culture: its psyche and the internet, Hobson Press, New York. Goldstein, R 2008, ‘The last person to leave heaven: a study of the impact of new millennium consumerism on traditional religious practices’, Journal of Critical and Cultural Research, vol.2, no.3, pp. 9-18, viewed 30 October 2011. http://www.prb.australasia.com/content/documents/JCCR%23.pdf Jenkins, M 2010, ‘Earn $$$ from your home: the domestic revolution in e-com industry’, Women’s Business Today, vol.8, no.2, pp.120-127, viewed 28 September, via Sage. Olsten, H 2008, ‘Broadsheets online good news for expats’, The Weekend Australian, viewed 2 September 2011, via Newsbank. Wong, Z 2009, ‘Why kneel when you can click!’ paper presented to the 7th International Conference on Digital Religion, Southern Cross University. Lismore, NSW, 28 to 31 July. Zadrow, K 2010, The well in the mirror: theories of subjectivity in the digital age, Elliott McGill Ltd, viewed 28 July 2011, via Ovid eBooks.

Basic Firewall Operation Computer Science Essay

Basic Firewall Operation Computer Science Essay A firewall is a piece of software or hardware that filters all network  traffic between the computer, local network or commercial network and  Internet.  Firewall is a component of a computer system or network  designed to block unauthorized access while  allowed   communication.  It is a device or group of devices  configured  deny, encrypt, decrypt, or proxy all (inside and outside) traffic  team  between different security domains based on a set   Firewalls can be implemented in hardware or  software,  or  a combination of both.  A firewall can be few rules  determine what traffic is  being permitted inside or outside your home network.  Depending on the  type  firewall in place, access to certain  IP addresses or domain  names, or you can block certain types of traffic by blocking  of  TCP / IP  the ports they use.  There are basically four mechanisms used by server’s  security limit  traffic.  A device or progra m can use more than one of these in  relationship  together for more depth protection.  The four mechanisms  of  packet filtering, circuit-level gateway, the  proxy-server and application  Gateway. However, Firewall has some drawbacks.  Initial equipment cost is the main factor that determines the  Better communication technology network security  required.  The firewall cannot protect against attacks that bypass  firewall.  To  For example, dial-in and dial-out access.  The firewall does not protect against internal threats.  The firewall cannot protect against transmission of the virus  infection  programs or files.  It would be impractical and perhaps  impossible to scan  all incoming files, emails and messages for  virus   Time to time, the use of cheaper Internet and  links  much faster.  This leaves many people always want to  use long time. It is  increasing the exposure of computers to various  threats   Internet.  When using an anti-virus software protects  computers  viruses, not other forms of Internet intruders.  A server  Safety  bodyguard keep between your computer and the Internet,  decide what doors to open, and that can come Overview of Firewall -II A firewall examines all traffic sent between two networks to see if it meets certain criteria. If so, is routed between the networks, otherwise it stops. A firewall filters incoming and outgoing traffic. You can also manage public access to private networked resources such as host applications. It can be used to record all attempts to enter the private network and trigger alarms when hostile or unauthorized entry attempt. Firewalls can filter packets based on their source and destination addresses and port numbers. This is known as address filtering. Firewalls can also filter specific types of network traffic. This is also known as protocol filtering because the decision to forward or reject traffic depends on the protocol us ed, such as HTTP, FTP or Telnet. Firewalls can also filter traffic by packet attribute or state. A firewall cannot prevent individual users with modems to dial in or outside the network without going through the firewall at all. Employee misconduct or negligence cannot be controlled by firewalls. Policies regarding use and misuse of passwords and user accounts must be strictly enforced. These are management issues that must be asked in the planning of any security policy, but cannot be solved with firewalls alone. [5]

Disaster Response Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Disaster Response Plan - Research Paper Example The generic term used for risk management techniques is the disaster control plan or DCP. Out of these early attempts to help lessen the adverse effects of a disaster led to forming of the so-called incident command system (ICS). This system was originally used by cities as a fire-management tool because it was found to be effective. This effectiveness was based on a proven organizational structure that used descriptive terminology that is both comprehensive and powerful but still easy to understand by most people (Woodworth, 2010, p. 1). However, the ICS was expanded and integrated into the national incident management system (NIMS). Although more comprehensive, the NIMS is still largely centered on operationalizing of ICS at the time a disaster strikes. The big purpose is to avoid chaos and confusion that can lead to more serious consequences during and after a disaster. Another key part of the NIMS is the emergency operations center (EOC) that takes care of details such as putting a logistics center, emergency medical services team (EMS) or the triage area (Hogan & Burstein, 2007, p. 147). The EOC will be tasked with activating the emergency operations plan (EOP). With today’s terrorist threats hanging over the horizon, the idea of the NIMS is to give local emergency personnel the training and knowledge to treat emerging or potential disasters an all-hazards context. The idea is to treat each disaster as a worst-case scenario so that local responding emergency personnel are not caught flat-footed when arriving at the scene. Taken in another perspective, it is better to be fully prepared for the worst than arrive unprepared for the sheer scale or magnitude of a disaster if one underestimates the scope of the disaster. Even a minor disaster at first glance should be treated as a potential major disaster if mishandled as things can easily escalate and maybe even get out of hand. The lead agency

CRIMINAL JUSTICE - ANALYSIS OF A MOVIE Term Paper

CRIMINAL JUSTICE - ANALYSIS OF A MOVIE - Term Paper Example One of the scenes has Irwin Fletcher, who is a journalist under the name Jane Doe, trying to buy drugs from a suspected dealer, Sam. He is approached by Alan Stanwyk on the beach, only in this scene Fletcher identifies himself as Ted Nugent, with the offer of $1000 just to listen to an offer Mr. Alan had to make. The offer Alan makes while inside his home office is for Fletch to kill him, Alan because he was suffering from bone cancer, and Fletch would be paid $50000. As justifiable as this may sound for many, mercy killing is a crime punishable under law. In the event the two are caught, they both can be prosecuted for murder and colluding to murder, on Alan’s part. When one goes to court for mercy killing, the charge is plainly murder, and it is the judge to consider the â€Å"mercy† element during his sentencing as per the provisions under The Criminal Justice Act 2003, Schedule 21 (Becker, 2005). Another element of crime that surfaces while in Alan’s office is that of insurance fraud. The suggestion that suicide would nullify the insurances policy Alan’s company has on him is a clear idea that Alan is motivated by money. His intents are to have his wife benefit from the insurance money in the result of his death, which would not be the case in the occurrence of a suicide. The penalties for this could lead to imprisonment and the withdrawal of the insurance policy placed on him. Section 1347 of Title 18 of the United States Code makes it illegal for this offense and one can be sentenced up to 20 years imprisonment (Becker, 2005). The next crime element can be witnessed in the office of Mr. Alan’s boss where Fletch is impersonating a SEC investigator. This is an attempt to find out if Alan has involved himself with any improprieties. This is a criminal offense of impersonation, especially of a government officer and the use of false identity to acquire con fidential information that

The Globalization of Religion in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Globalization of Religion in Japan - Essay Example If the same criterion is applied to globalization we will realize that it has both been a blessing and a curse. It is up to the specific economy and the country to determine what route it wants to take with regard to globalization. Most importantly, however, one should keep in mind that it isn’t entirely in our hands whether we want globalization to occur in our part of the world. With the advent of new information technologies and the internet there is hardly any part in the world that has been left unaffected by globalization. We cannot essentially cage ourselves or lock our people and our economy within four walls, like Japan earlier did. That time has come and gone. Just the way the Japanese realized the merits of globalization and the good that it can reap for not only its economy, but also its social and political stature on the international front, other countries that are as yet hesitant in the face of growing globalization could do well to learn from this example. It won’t do anyone much good to sit around trying to determine what could have been and what has happened. Instead of looking back nostalgically at the past we should look forward to what situations are facing us and try to combat them in the best manner possible. No one can achieve a semblance of greatness without working for it; same holds true for individuals and nations. Globalization’s importance can furthermore be judged by taking into account the way many other countries have been able to benefit from. If we’re just focusing on Japan, it won’t be false to say that since Japan’s welcome of globalization within its region the nation’s prestige has been on the rise.

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Paper Example Consequently, the innocent young girl encounters an enormous wolf in the woods in the process of delivering food to her grandmother. Thus, the young girl innocently informs the wolf of her destination. The wolf then goes ahead and swallows the girl’s grandmother. Unsatisfied, the evil wolf decides to wait for the young girl in the pretense of her grandmother. However, upon arrival the young girl notices some strange behaviors concerning her grandmother. First, her voice was extremely deep. In addition, her eyes and hands were also immensely enormous. Moreover, her mouth was also enormous. However, before the little girl could unravel the happenings the wolf pounced on her and swallowed her (Zipes 4). With his tummy full, the wolf fell into a deep sleep. However, in his deep sleep a stranger comes to the rescue of the duo. He cuts the wolf’s belly open with a saw to the delight of Little Red Riding Hood and her grandmother who emerge from the wolf’s belly unscathe d. Therefore, in order to teach the evil wolf a lesson the trio fills its belly with stones. Eventually, when the wolf wakes up he decides to run away, however, the stones weigh him down. Consequently, he collapses and dies. Therefore, it is clear that the tale attempts to outline the dangers of the enormous forest. In comparison with forest, the village offers a safe home as opposed to the former. Therefore, the tale was aimed at checking little children from engaging in dangerous practices since they could end up being harmed. COMPARISON WITH OTHER TALES Other tales such as Peter and the Wolf or The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids also employ a similar thematic footing. In both cases, the tales paint a thematic scenario in which an individual emerges unscathed from the belly of an evil wolf. As such, this thematic setting has been embraced by other numerous tales (Meidell 175). This overwhelming semblance to other fairy tales can be attributed to the origin of the tale reason being that the tale embraces a medieval bias that was popular in the ancient times. This similarity can also be associated with the moral lessons learnt from the tale. HISTORY OF LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD TALE Little Red Riding Hood has its origin rooted in various versions of the story in Europe. Consequently, its original versions date back to the 17th century (Iona and Peter 93). However, the tale was also told in both Italy and France in the fourteenth century. Consequently, this version was referred to as The False Grandmother. Therefore, this implies that the title of the tale varied from one region to another. As such, the original versions significantly differ from the present day versions (Tatar 17). For instance, the antagonist of the story needs not necessarily be a wolf. This implies that in other versions of the tale the antagonist is presented as a different character. For instance, an ogre is employed as an antagonist instead of a wolf. Other manuscripts also depict the antago nist in the form of a dragon. Nevertheless, the antagonist is depicted as a wolf in most cases. Since the tale is mainly meant for young audiences, the depiction of the antagonist as a wolf enables the audiences to easily associate and relate with the tale while appreciating its message. Consequently, depiction of the antagonist as an ogre may be effective for African audiences. However, in all these versions, the antagonist is depicted as an enormous and dangerous being. Moreover, the antagonist is

Communicating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communicating - Essay Example By analysing the location, set designs, costumes, movement, and props of The Matrix films, one realizes they attempt to communicate the idea of extreme transformation through technology. The Wachowski Brothers shot The Matrix, the first film of the trilogy, in Sydney, Australia (Kurt, 2008, p. 3). Filming occurred on soundstages set up on streets, tops of skyscrapers, and inside warehouses, a process that lasted for around sixty days. The directors were enthusiastic about Sydney as an ideal location for filming. This is because production expertise, competitive prices, and a great essence of teamwork collectively improved Sydney’s appeal. The directors and production team also preferred Sydney’s structural design within the city and its overall topography to American and European cities. The duty of making a sum of thirty production sets for The Matrix also occurred in Sydney. Here, two of the largest sets were the inside the Nebuchadnezzar, the hovering home of Morpheus and his disciples, and the office for the agents (Kurt, 2008, p. 4). This office integrated a whole Sydney office block. There was a key series involving immense filming in an office block. Directors and the production team were unable to achieve this series in a real location. As a result, the director’s team constructed a vast steel structure that resembled a contemporary skyscraper inside the soundstage. Afterwards, the team placed a background of Sydney outside the windows through a translight. Even though the background was a prop, the location of the filming of The Matrix in this particular scene remained in Sydney. Downward-streaming characters often depict the code that makes up the Matrix, which is the key concept of the three films. This code entails reflections of half-size kana characters and western Latin numbers, signs, and letters. Certain scenes in the film show how

Determination of the Cost of a New Drug Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Determination of the Cost of a New Drug - Essay Example The paper tells that the anticipated cost for development of an average drug has been recently assessed by Joseph DiMasi together with his colleagues to be $802 million for every new molecular entity. The massive cost of developing a drug is a major component of the prevailing debates over the prescription drug prices, review policies of Food and Drug Administration (FDA), importation of the drugs from Canada, and barriers to universal entry. Having been assigned this central role of $802 million approximation in the debates, it is crucial to ask two questions. The first one is whether this number is an accurate approximation of the anticipated costs in the development of an average drug. The second question that follows concerns the meaning of the estimations if at all by any chance they are accurate.For some years, researchers with the inclusion of a team at El Lilly and another from Tufts University have approximated the cost incurred in the invention and development of a drug at either $1 billion or even more. These approximations attempt to exclude the costs that are not related directly to the approval of a drug and also don’t give room for any kind of comparisons between companies. The first determinant of the cost of the development of a new prescriptive drug is the size of the company that is producing the drug. There is the argument that bigger companies possess the economies of scale and the scope of the development of a drug. This argument links the size of the company with development costs that are lower. One difficulty that arises in measuring this effect is that large companies may be associated with lower-cost and successful drugs, either due to the reason that the drugs earn them reasonable revenues or the truth that acquisitions and mergers result to such drugs produced in the larger firms. The outcomes suggest that this could pose a problem.

(Genetic Analytical Report ) exmamine the postive &negative effects of Essay

(Genetic Analytical Report ) exmamine the postive &negative effects of providing patrents with information on their genetic pred - Essay Example Following recommendations were made based on research: Recommendation 1: Increased funds are required to further the research and implementation of treatments for genetic diseases. If they are provided with sufficient funds, hospitals and health care centers will be better able to offer treatment for the genetic diseases. Recommendation 2: Tertiary schools and medical colleges should be given incentives to include genetics in the curriculum and develop the awareness of the advantages of predisposition to genetic diseases in the students. Recommendation 3: Develops an educational campaign to make people aware of the uses of treatment before diagnosis of disease. This will generate an incentive for the people to seek treatment. Recommendation 4: Reforms are required to release funds for genetic research. Recommendation 5: An official campaign needs to be launched on national level to promote investigation of genetic diseases in the rural areas. Recommendation 6: Laws should be formed i n order to enhance the safety and maintenance of secrecy of the patients’ predisposition to genetic diseases. ... 2 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Purpose and audience Study of genetics has played an important role in the transformation of the Australian health care industry for the better. Study of genetics has enabled patients to take care of their health based on their knowledge of the genetic traits. This report discusses the historic effect of the study of genetic predisposition to diseases and ways to increase its positive effects and decrease the negative outcomes for the Australian people. The information will specially be conveyed to the Australian Minister for Health and Ageing, Hon Nicola Roxon MP. The paper will compile results of the past research about the area-wise division of the genetic study and its clinical implications. The paper tends to draw implications for future based on the past research and trends in different countries of the world. The paper will particularly find the extent to which genetic research and practice prevails in Australia and ways to further both of them. 1.2 Scop e There has occurred a lot of technological advancement since the onset of the 21st century. The word â€Å"genetics† is used to refer to the study and effects of single genes. Genomics, on the other hand refers to the study of the way different genes interact with each other as well as with such environmental factors as nutrition and medication (Engstrom et al. 2005). The scope of this research report is limited to the exploration of positive and negative effects of making the people aware of their genetic predisposition to diseases. The information will be particularly useful for the healthcare minister of Australia in making informed decision for making laws and providing resources for the hospitals to do genetic tests within the limits imposed by laws. 1.3 Background The Human Genome

Jonathan Edwards Essay Example for Free

Jonathan Edwards Essay Jonathan Edwards uses an effective method called the â€Å"fire and brimstone† approach, which basically used scare tactics to keep people from straying away from the church. Jonathan Edwards was a master at using literary devices, which horrified but intrigued his audience. He (Edwards) wrote in second person to make each individual feel responsible for their own sins, this strategy allowed Edwards to speak to large groups. Edwards also used extended metaphors to help his audience realize the full extent of their sins. An example of this imagery is, â€Å" The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increase more and more, and rise higher and higher till an outlet is given; and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty the course, when once it is let loose.† (Sinners 1). This metaphor shows the extent that Edwards goes to show parishioners of what God is capable of doing to the Human race if they do not seek salvation. Edwards uses bandwagon appeal to keep people from leaving the church. He believed that if he could convince enough people that the church is the only way to receive the â€Å"grace of god† that it would lead to a mass movement; if enough people went that the rest would follow in their footsteps. Edwards tries to persuade people to return to church by stating that those who attend are happy, â€Å"To see so many others feasting, while you are pinning and perishing! To see so many rejoicing and singing for joy of heart, while you have cause to mourn for sorrow of heart, and howl for vexation of spirit!† (Sinners 1). This method proved to be effective because people returned to the church, they feared for the outcome of their life and sought forgiveness just as their neighbors did. Jonathan Edwards’s beliefs and ideas began to affect people’s everyday lives and restore the church to its former glory. Jonathan Edwards believes that it is man’s duty to serve God in all aspects. He expresses his view that every man has the will to decide what is right from wrong, good from evil and what God would expect from a devout believer in his book Freedom of the Will. This book essentially breaks down what man desires and the choices man can make, he exposes how all these actions are relevant to the after life. Edwards tries to show that earthly matters will not a provide eternal happiness and that a man’s life on Earth is a time to prove his worthiness for judgment day by proclaiming â€Å"†¦but look at other things, as the good state of your bodily constitution, your care of your own life, and the means you use for your own preservation. But indeed these things are nothing† (sinners 1). Jonathan Edwards is known for his vivid depictions of what God’s wrath would be like. This dark imagery gave the public an idea of what their eternal punishment would be like if they did not conform to the holy life of the church. The imagery horrified people because it made people believe that God could damn each and every person to Hell for their sins. An example of the dark imagery is â€Å"The bow of Gods wrath is bent, and the arrow made ready on the string, and justice bends the arrow at your heart, and strains the bow, and it is nothing but the mere pleasure of God, and that of an angry God, without any promise or obligation at all, that keeps the arrow one moment from being made drunk with your blood†. (Sinners 1). By saying this Edwards strikes fear into the listener. Edwards often uses repetition to emphasize his condemnation on society for their lack of faith in the church. For example â€Å"You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any Mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you one moment† (sinners 1). He stresses the word â€Å"nothing† to show that all are helpless and to further belittle each individual. Edwards also repeats the word â€Å" you† to make each person feel responsible for their actions and to single out each individual. Edwards also ensures that each line in his sermons are threatening to create a sense of an ultimatum; conform to the church or burn in Hell for all eternity. â€Å"Your wickedness makes you as it were heavy as lead, and to tend downwards with great weight and pressure towards hell; and if God should let you go, you would immediately sink and swiftly descend and plunge into the bottomless gulf, and your healthy constitution, and your own care and prudence, and best contrivance, and all your righteousness, would have no more influence to uphold you and keep you out of hell, than a spiders web would have to stop a falling rock† (sinners 1). This quote shows how Edwards creates a sense of hope for the parishioners but when further analyzed it has a very negative and damning connotation. Edwards tries to portray his belief that God only lets you live because it pleasures him. This provides false hope but in reality he is saying that there is no way for anyone to be saved.

Food Trip Essay Example for Free

Food Trip Essay Revolutionaries and activists, tried of associating the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) with these words? Well, it’s time to change your thoughts. PUP isn’t just for words like those mentioned above, please try to look at the brighter side. PUP isn’t just the way you think it is. All the speculations about our school aren’t true. Actually, if you’re inside our campus, you’ll surely have a wonderful time. The school offers delightful treats such as low tuition, high quality education and most especially, foods. I recommend you to go to PUP and I assure you a cheap and an enjoyable food trip for you and for your friends. TRUST ME! ï Å  PUP has it all, from snacks to lunch and to every kind of foods that you will surely like. I bet if you enter our campus, you won’t go out of it without being tempt to buy foods because of its cheap price. Be sure to prepare your spoon and fork as I introduce to you the best foods at the lowest price our campus can offer. 1.Value Meals (20php – 35php) One cup of rice with any ulam of your choice. These include dinuguan, chicken fillet, fried chicken, beef steak, adobo, burger steak, liempo, giniling, sausages, vegetables, etc. Imagine?!! With just 30php, you will experience tasting lutong bahay even if you’re away from home. 2.Buy 1 Take 1 Burgers (25php – 32php) Say goodbye to Jollibee, Mcdonald’s, KFC, and other burger – producing fast food chains. PUP has the cheapest burger ever. With just 32php, we can avail two burgers and that is if you are in PUP. While in fast food chains, you will just be left with dissatisfaction. 3.Clubhouse (20php) All the PUPians know this – clubhouse is a triangle shaped sandwich with egg wrappings and ham fillings. Well, the best thing about this food is that it is served with free drinks. Yes!!! You heard it right! It’s with FREE! FREE! FREE! AS IN FREE DRINKS which comes in various flavors. As far as I know, it is one of the highest grossing and most sought food in the University. It is so SULIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIT! 4.FEWA (33php or 37php) FEWA is also known as Footlong and Egg Wrapped Around. It is a sandwich with footlong (can be either regular in size or jumbo) wrapped in fried scrambled egg with cheese and cabbage. Another reason why you would enjoy this food is because of its vendor who has great sense of humor. Wondering who? Well, better check him or, should I say, her? At the East Wing of PUP canteen. 5.Fruit Shakes and Juices (10php-20php)

General Introduction To Enviromental Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

General Introduction To Enviromental Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay The issue we would like to discuss here is about environmental pollution,to make it simpler and precise,we sometimes refer it to the word pollution in the later parts of our assignment.Pollution is spreading like wildfire in many regions of the world.The two most significant types of pollution would be air and water pollution.Of course,there are still various other types of pollution such as soil contamination,noise pollution,light pollution and many more that we going to discuss further after this.Pollution has becoming one of the most debated and concerned topics of all times by global citizens because of its disastrous effects on everything on this Earth.Although there are quite an amount of people that care about the level of pollution our earth is facing,there are still too much people ignoring this issue and some even continue doing some activities that produce even more pollution to the surroundings intentionally or unintentionally. Globally speaking,pollution problem is much complicated and bigger than we knew.In almost all the cities in the world,people are forced to live with dirty air,contaminated water and all sort of disturbing noises.Developing countries of the third world experience the most severe pollution because not only to they lack any form of sustainable management but they also lack even the basic sanitation so you can imagine how bad is the environmental condition in these countries. Pollution of the environment is causing great damage to ecosystem that depends upon the health of this environment. Air and water pollution can cause death of many organisms in the ecosystem, including humans.According to some estimations,14.000 people die each day in the world, most of them are in Africa. This is really no surprise when you look at the data that says that 700 million Africans do not even have access to a proper toilet, whether alone clean water.Pollution is a very serious issue and took everyone to prevent and reduce the level of pollution that our mother Earth has suffered. Without the cooperation of all global citizens,this issue is almost impossible to be solved. Many developed countries have introduced certain laws to not only regulate various types of pollution but also the laws to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution.We,humans,are the one to be blamed of the escalating pollution level we faced nowadays.Pollution levels need to be controlled all the time if we want to ensure our mother Earth is still a suitable living places for our offspring.Unfortunately, people nowadays really having ignorance of their responsibilities toward our environment.Since the adults already ignore the importance of saving our environment,what do you all expect from your children?We must stand still and give all out in tackling pollution.Preventing introduction of pollutants into the environment is the best way to protect environment from pollution.To do so it is important to develop ecological conscience of nearby communities and effective waste management in the form of recycling. Healthy environment is prerequisite of healthy life for us and our children, and fighting pollution is definitely the best way to keep our environmental healthy. Definition The definition of pollution is the process or act that human did during our daily lives which had pollute or contaminated the environment or a state of being polluted with harmful chemical substances that may cause health problems to human beings or even cause some deathly disease such as cancer which is the growth of abnormal cells in the human bodies. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/pollution) According to Oxford dictionary, the definition of pollution is the presence in air, soil, or water of a substances with unpleasant or harmful effect. Definition and Key Concepts How much do you know about pollution?The concept of pollution is the way we see and we act toward the situation our environment is contaminated by those non-biodegradable wastes being released during the activities of human beings, making serious negative effects to every single living object in this world. General introduction Can u imagine that theres already pollution on Earth since theres lives. Of course, the man kinds had cause pollution even before the stone ages which is when we know how to set up fires by burning woods. The pollution growing seriously when human undergoes evolution in technologies. During stone ages, human acknowledge the skills to make weapon and pottery by cutting and trimming stones but the side product is dust. Until the metal ages, fires are widely and intensively use to melt metal in order to shape it into something useful and large amount of smokes are produced. Then, industrial era, the starting of massive pollution on Earth which is when vehicles are introduce to humans and the level of pollution increased in amount that no one had imagine. So, as we can see, things had got worse from one to one until now, a modern digital era. The pollution during this era is so serious that it involved almost all the aspect of the environment such as air, water, soil, sound and many more . They even cause harmful effect on human health and no one know what will happen if the pollution level continues to rise. Therere so many types of pollution on Earth. So, lets have a quick look on them before going any deeper about it. Air Pollution Its the most serious pollution of all and it brings a serious effect on human health. It can be categories into few types depending of on their combination of pollution or toxins in the air itself. For example, aforementioned ozone which is known as smog and particle pollution which is known as soot are the two most common and widespread types of air pollution we currently facing. Therere also pollution that consist deadly pollutants such as carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide or even toxins like benzene, mercury and acid gases. Water Pollution Since we cant survive without water for just a few days, it shows how valuable water is to us. Water pollution is mainly causes by wastage thrown into it, but its also can causes by chain reaction from soil pollution and air pollution. Soil normally acts as a filter of underground water sources which is the root of water we drink, as the filter is polluted, no doubt that the water will also be polluted. Water pollution causes tons of effect on human beings since other than drinking from it, it will also contaminate the sources of protein we need to obtain in order to maintain our good health. Soil Pollution Soil Pollution is majorly causes by agricultural chemicals such as pesticide and fertilizers since the increase in amount of human and the food consumption. As the soil is contaminated, the chemical wont disappear itself but remain within the soil, when rainfall the water will wash it away and bring it into the water sources which again causing a water sources being contaminated by chemicals that may bring side effect towards human and of course other living things on Earth. Radioactive Pollution This is a type of physical pollution of air, water or soil by radioactive substances. Radioactive substances involve alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays. This type of pollution can also happen either naturally or manmade. Natural radiation is also known as background radiation, it mainly involves cosmic rays and those substances that are naturally radioactive substances such as uranium, radium, and radon. Manmade radiation of course are mainly toward mining and refining of plutonium and thorium.

Computer and Hardware :: essays research papers fc

Report and Bibliography Electronic-mail or Email is the process of sending messages electronically using your computer. You can send messages when it is convenient for you - even at 2 am. Your recipient responds at his convenience. Email can be sent anywhere in the world using your computer and a modem. Email is almost instant in its delivery and it is very cheap to use especially for international messages, costing only the price of the telephone connection to the Internet Service Provider. You may send many messages at one time or just one to a designated location. Messages can be sent internally on a local area network that might cover a building or an organisation like Northern Institute. For example in this Institute people on all 6 campuses can at no cost exchange email over the computer network that joins all the campuses. By using email you will be able to electronically   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  send messages or memos   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  receive and read messages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  reply to messages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  forward messages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  send the same message to a list of people with one stroke   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  attach a text file such as a report to your email message   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  save mail to a file and print the message Internet Whilst email is associated with the Internet you do not necessarily have to have an Internet connection to be able to send and receive email. For example many organisations have email facilities within their own local area networks, but do not have Internet links. However usually email is part of your Internet connection and it is one of the most used Internet facilities. Email Address In order to receive or send email you need to have an email address and you need to know the address of the person to whom you wish to send a message. Addresses are made up in a standard way using the following elements:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  User identification eg. Joelg your name or a name you wish to choose. It is usual to have part of your own name to make it easily identifiable   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the @ or at symbol to locate the person   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the domain name of the computer receiving your mail eg. gcit for Gold Coast Institute of Tafe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the type of organisation eg. edu for an educational institution or gov for government   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and finally au to locate the address in Australia the final address will look like this: How Email Works An electronic mailing system works in much the same way that the postal service we are used to operates.

Observing Persuasion in the New Age :: New Age Religion Psychology Essays

Observing Persuasion in the New Age Thesis:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The allure of the New Age can be attributed in part to an overall lack of understanding its nature; when its history is taken into consideration and its persuasive element is exposed, we see that, contrary to the assumption that the New Age is a freer alternative to mainstream religion, persuasion is a very present part of the New Age. I. Preface II. What is new about it? A. The New Age is not new. B. If there is anything really new about it, it is its acceptance in the West. C. Its adaptation to the Western culture is also new. III. Persuasive elements defined A. Reactance B. InGroup C. Foot-in-the-door phenomena D. Low-ball technique E. Effects of the Communicator 1. Trustworthiness 2. Credibility 3. Speaking confidently F. Range of acceptability G. Fear of appearing foolish H. Behaviour changing attitude I. Internalization IV. Persuasive elements observed V. Conclusion Preface The automatic and first context of an assessment of the New Age, as a ministerial student, is religious. For the purpose of this paper, however, I shall endeavour to limit the assessment of the New Age to the primary context of social psychology. As this paper is an exposition of the presence of persuasion in the New Age (contrary to its assumed freedom), it is also necessary, in the interest of fairness, to make some fundamental distinctions, with respect to the possibility of illusory correlations being formed from the conclusions of this paper: 1. if the New Age does indeed use elements of persuasion, it is not necessarily cult-like, any more than is the average Christian denomination, whether evangelical or mainstream. Persuasion is basically a human phenomena, and thus it inevitably appears — to some degree — wherever two or more people interact; 2. the visibly tragic results of some cults do not attend the average New Age participant. Persuasion is not about ends, its about means. Some use persuasion to a tragic end, some do not. In addition to various real-life instances where these factors have be observed, I shall be drawing extensively from the particular case of Will Baron, who has become a key speaker on the dangers of the New Age. It is of value for its contextual, in-depth examination of the duration of his entire experience with the New Age, from the earliest stages of involvement, to his total commitment of life and means, to his ultimate rejection of the philosophy of the New Age, as he was taught to understand it.

Robbery of Freedom: The Ultimate Injustice :: history

Robbery of Freedom: The Ultimate Injustice WRONGFULLY CONVICTED AND IMPRISONED IN ALABAMA My story is told to you as honestly and as accurately as can be. Over the years, I have felt like I've had to 'defend' something, but I have realized that, as bizarre as it is, just tell the truth and let that be it! I was released in April 10,2001, and my quest for justice has only gained momentum. I am the victim of small town politics where the locals have met very little resistance in doing things their own way, regardless of the law. In fact, I am the first one who has ever been known to challenge that state court of Bullock County, Alabama (City of Union Springs) for their misconduct and gross miscarriage of justice. I feel that I must preface my story with events that led up to the conspired, bogus lie, and malicious accusation against me. My accuser, John Will Waters, whom I was never allowed to face in court, is a king pin drug lord. He operates out of that small town, but reaches as far as Colombia, South America. My parents grew up in that same town. Waters was from a long line of moonshiners and crooks. He is very liberal and seems to think money will do anything. He and my parents have always been on the opposite side of issues, i.e., they opposed the building of a state prison there, Waters was for it. They are Republicans, he's a Democrat. My father started, owned and operated a tire business there for 45 years. During the latter years, he depended strictly on out of town business, because the locals prevented county vehicles, school vehicles, and any other county business to be done there. Nevertheless, the business did very well. In 1993, my father had double knee replacement surgery. The business fell behind a few payments on a mortgage loan from a local bank. My father had done business with that bank since 1951. After very few months, the bank began foreclosure proceedings. My father immediately sold a large inventory of tires, raised $10,000. He offered the bank the $10,000 to pay the arrearage plus a few payments in advance to show good faith. Every possible attempt was made to satisfy the bank, but everything was turned down except the $50,000 required to pay the loan off in full.

Counseling Class Final Exam Paper Essay

After this class and taking all the different assessments and inventories, my number one career choice as of right now is an Elementary School Teacher. The tests have actually helped me learn a lot about myself and helped me determine what certain fields of work I would succeed in. Being an Elementary School Teacher would be a fulfilling career, and would allow me to be creative and interact with children, which are two things that are very important to me. 2. On the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator, my four letter word was INFJ, which stands for introversion, intuition, feeling, and judgement (although my scores between extroversion/introversion and judgement/perception were a point off). According to the Myer-Briggs personality description, INFJs prefer occupations that involve the big picture, involve conceptual awareness, and lead to a better understanding of the spiritual, emotional, of future needs of people. They want their work to have impact or meaning and for it to bring them admiration and respect. Different occupations that seem to be attractive to INFJs include education consultant, English teacher, fine arts teacher, psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, scientist, and other occupations that allow INFJs an opportunity to make their own creative contribution. The list of occupations INFJs seem to enjoy include a lot of education type career choices, so elementary school education would be right up my alley, according to this assessment. Being an elementary school teacher would allow me to be creative and also allow me to help children learn, not only academically, but socially as well. My Holland Code was ISA which stands for Investigative, Social, and Artistic. Investigative people are known as â€Å"The Thinkers†. These are people who like to observe, learn, investigate, analyze, evaluate or solve problems. Artistic people are known as â€Å"The Creators†, They have artistic innovation or intuition abilities and like to work in unstructured situations using their imagination and creativity. Social people are known as â€Å"The Helpers† and are people who like to work with people to enlighten, inform, or help. Elementary education is a Social college major. According to the occupational scales on the Strong Interest Inventory, I scored a 56 for Elementary School Teacher, which means I share interests with women in that occupation and would probably enjoy the work. Teaching & Education was also number two on my tops five interest areas. The personal style scale reveals many different things. As for my work style, I prefer working with people, I enjoy helping others, and I am outgoing. In a learning environment, I prefer academic environments; I learn well through lecture and books, and I seek knowledge for its own sake. As for my leadership style, I am comfortable taking charge of and motivating others, I enjoy initiating action, and I express my opinions easily. I think being an elementary school teacher would be a good match for me, according to the Strong Interest Inventory. It would allow me to observe, investigate, and solve problems, as well as help and inform children, and it would also allow me to be creative; which fulfills all aspects of my Holland Code. My top five values according to the Work Values Inventory are Altruism, Way of Life, Prestige, Economic Returns, and Security. Altruism is present in work which enables one to contribute to the welfare of others. As an Elementary school teacher, I would definitely be contributing to the welfare of my students and helping them to blossom and thrive in academic and social settings. Way of Life is associated with the kind of work that permits one to live the kind of life she chooses and to be the type of person she wished to be. Elementary school teachers normally work nine months out of the year. Those other three months off would allow me to spend time doing other things I love, like vacationing or spending quality time with my family. Also, I plan on being a parent after I get married and find a stable job. My schedule would correlate with the schedule of my future children and allow me to spend more time with them, which is very important to me. Prestige is associated with work which gives one standing in the eyes of others and evokes respect. An elementary school teacher may not be the most prestigious job in the eyes of some, but it definitely is in the eyes of the students. When I was in elementary school, I admired all of my teachers greatly. Educating the next generation and giving them a solid foundation on which to apply further education, I believe, is a very respectable career. Economic returns is associated with work which pays well and enables one to have the things wanted. Elementary school teachers make a decent amount of money, and although it might not be the highest paying job, I’m willing to push this value to the side to fulfill the others and do something I would really truly enjoy. Confucius once said â€Å"Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life. † Security is associated with work which provides one with the certainty of having a job even in hard times. According to the Eureka program, there are very many estimated jobs in elementary education within the next 20 years and the estimated growth is above average. My top ten skills based on my skill assessment results were Integrity, Questioning, Synthesizing, Tact, Understanding, Dependability, Tenacity, Advising, Cooperating, and Investigating. As an Elementary School teacher, I think you definitely need integrity. Actually, i listed this skill as a Very Satisfying skill, and is also listed as a Very Satisfying skill for Elementary school teachers. I think as an Elementary School teacher you need to be able to synthesize many different elements into your lesson plans. As for tact (a keen sense of what is appropriate, and what to say or do to avoid giving offense), I think it is an important skill for every career choice. I listed tact as a Very Satisfying skill and many Elementary School Teachers listed tact as a Moderately Satisfying skill. Understanding and dependability are very important skills for any career choice and are especially important when working with younger kids. I listed dependability as a Moderately Important skill and many Elementary School teachers did as well. Advising could be a helpful skill while trying different methods of learning certain subjects. Also important if a student was seeking my help. Cooperating is an important skill, because as an Elementary school teacher, not only will i be working with children, but I will also be interacting with their parents and other teachers. 6. Going forward from this class, I plan on majoring in Liberal arts at either Cal State Fullerton or Cal State Long beach, and from there I plan on getting my teaching credentials and ultimately becoming an Elementary School Teacher!

Nutrition And Athletics

Good Nutritional practices play a very critical role in the physical performance of not only human beings but also all living creatures. To excel in any endurance physical activity, all the body systems must perform since the bioenergetics’ functions of the muscles has to be sustained in order to function at peak levels. (Berning, J. and E. Hultman. 1972)Energy providing nutrients, carbohydrates, lipids (which are also known as fats), and proteins provide fuel for the bioenergetics reactions, vitamins and minerals on the other hand speeds up the rate the bioenergetics’ reaction (acts as a catalysts); where water acts as a solvent for all these reactions and also serves as a cooling agents for the body from the heat which is produced by the bioenergetics reactions. (Bobb, A et al. 1969) All these nutrients are needed in appropriate quantities so as to enable the body function efficiently especially during exercise or sport. (Singh,V. N. 1992)Food is the major source of a ll these nutrients although sometimes nutritional supplements are used during critical times especially when a performer needs urgent nourishment either through oral or through introversions (IV) infusion. The gastro intestinal tract (GIT) helps to break down this food into smaller components (digests) so as to ease the process of absorption. The body cells then utilize the absorbed nutrients for all metabolic reactions in the body including energy production. (Asterita M. F, 1986) Studies show that the foods eaten today serves as a body part in the future therefore nutrition is very essential.This paper discusses the dietary requirements of an athlete, especially essential nutrients with regard to their forms, functions, food source, dietary recommendations and deficiency risks. BODY Athletes like all intensive /endurance physical activities is a high energy consuming exercise therefore diet is very critical and very essential for the health and performance of an athlete. However, Nutritional requirements for an athlete vary from one athlete to another depending on the time taken during training and actual performance. (Brouns, F. 1993)The aims of good nutrition in an athlete according to, (Buskirk, E. R 1997) include: o To help the athlete recover from performance or training o To prepare the athlete for performance or training o And to maintain the level of performance or training of an athlete Therefore unless an athlete is well nourished he/she may not exploit his/her full potential. This nutrition involves a balanced diet which is regular and with the required amount of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water. The individual nutrient requirements and the deficiency side effects include: CarbohydrateCarbohydrate is a very important source for an athlete. It is required to help the athlete sustain the high level of the activity and to prevent muscle cramps and fatigue. (Consolazio, C. F, and H. L. Johnson. 1972). Carbohydrate in the body is s tored in the muscles and the liver as glycogen and these stores must be continuously replenished. (Burke, . L. M, et al. 1991) Research shows that a person can store enough glycogen in the body to help him/her sustain an exercise for a period between 90 minutes to 120 minutes but however taking a diet low in carbohydrates can reduce this time to less than 60 minutes.  (Chen, J . D. 1993)Recommended carbohydrate An athlete is supposed to consume a meal containing between 7-10g of carbohydrates per kilograms, body weight of the individual athletes per day (7-10g/kg/bwt/day) consequently he/she should consume a pre-exercise meal 1-4 hours prior to the event and the meal should contain 1-4g of carbohydrate per kilogram body weight, however if the exercise is prolonged, one has to consume a carbohydrate during the exercise and these should be 30-60 carbohydrate per hour.If the athlete is to participate in frequent activities he/she needs to consume in immediate post –exercise ca rbohydrate which is meant to aid in recovery in readiness for another performance (Bucci . L . 1995). He also says that this meal should contain 50-1000g of carbohydrate after every two hour until the normal meals resume. Signs of inadequate intake according to (Buxbaum, R, and L . J . M icheli) include: o Muscle heaviness o Lack of energy to train o Inability to concentrate for an extended period of time especially during an event o Poor recovery between training sessionsGenerally the carbohydrate requirement for an athlete will depend on the body weight, height, training, regime e. g. (Intensity and duration), Type of training and the gender of the athlete. Protein Requirements Protein is needed by an individual since it is involved in the building and repair of muscles and tissues the red blood cells, hair, finger nails, as well as synthesis of hormones. It is also required so as to reduce chances of development of iron deficiency anemia and improving the healing process incase o f an injury or disease. (American Dietetic Association and Canadian Dietetic Association, 1993).They further say that adolescent and adult athletes require 0. 6-0. 9g of proteins per kilogram per body weight per day (0. 6-0. 9g of protein/kg/bwt/day). During an intensive or enduring exercise energy production takes priority over tissue building however very little proteins is used as fuel when calorie supply is adequate in the body studies reveal that the best nutrients to provide fuel in athletic are carbohydrates and fats but they are inadequate or depleted gluconeogenesis takes place (process of converting non-carbohydrate sources such as Proteins to carbohydrates) to convert proteins in carbohydrates so as to provide energy.Proteins are the major sources of nitrogen in the body and nitrogen wastes produced after protein digestion require a lot of energy to eliminate which may otherwise be used during the event however nitrogen wastes are minimal when carbohydrates are adequate. Vitamins and Minerals. Fats are divided into two classes, first Fat soluble vitamins which include Vitamin A, D, E and K and second water soluble Vitamins which include Vitamin C and B complex vitamins.The body requires all these vitamins in amounts exceeding the recommended Dietary allowances especially in endurance exercises such as athletics but however care should be taken on fat soluble vitamins since if taken excess they may lead to toxicity which is detrimental to the health and eventually performance, but studies have shown that even if vitamins can be taken without conditions they do not contribute directly to the performance of an athlete, however, the reactions which the body uses to provide it with energy are controlled by chemicals which are mostly made up of vitamins and minerals that the body can only obtain from the diet.  (Allan ,J . G ,and K . A ,Overbaugh).Minerals on the other hand are very important in the health and performance of an athlete in that they act as catalysts and hence speeds the rate of reactions of energy provisions in the body. These minerals include calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sulphur, potassium, sodium and chloride. It is therefore advisable that foods hat are high in vitamins and minerals especially fruits, green leafy vegetables, carrots as well as high biological valve proteins should be high in an athlete’s diet.Fats Fats are important sources of energy in the body. The body stores fat in the adipose tissue and under the skin it is the last to be used by the body incase of starvation or depletion of carbohydrates and fat stores in the body. However, in endurance sports especially athletics, excess body fat will often be detrimental to performance. This is because the increase in fat stores consequently raises the body weight and also the body uses a lot of energy to break down fats into fats acids so that it can be used.  (Chavez A, C et al, 1969)Excess fat in the body is not only caused by consumption of high fat diet but also by consuming large amounts of carbohydrates especially simple and sweet carbohydrates since they cause fat storage. Athletes are advised to consume high complex / high glycemic index carbohydrates since it releases energy slowly to the cells thus there is reduced fat storage. However athletes should eat smaller meals than non-sports people but in frequent intervals. Water Water is a non-calorific food because it does not give any calories to the body but it is extremely necessary.This is because the larger percentage about (60%) of the body is water and even small amounts of dehydration can have major effects on the performance of an individual. (Bobb, A, D . et al 1969) Water helps the body by protecting it against overheating (cools the body) and also as a means (blood) of transport for most substances in the body. Dehydration is very fatal in sports since it leads to reduced ability to exercise in the heat and also reduced mental skills such as concentr ation and decision making.Consumption of water is the key to optimal hydration but fluids such as diluted fluid juice or weak squash drinks after can help optimize hydration. While exercising athletes are often weighed before and after a session so that the fluid that has been lost can be replaced quickly. (Berning. J. R and S . N. Steen. 1991) Conclusion For excellence in exercise and sports, all body system must perform efficiently especially the muscles. This can only be enhanced through good nutritional practices. The body gets all the nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids/fats, vitamins and minerals) from the food on consumer or nutrient supplements.Athletes require higher amounts of carbohydrates than other nutrients since they are the major sources of energy: however, other nutrients can be converted to carbohydrate through the process of gluconeogenesis incase there is inadequate carbohydrates or there is depletion of carbohydrate in the liver and muscles where it is st ored in the form of glycogen. Water which is defined as a non calorific food is very important in an athlete since the highest percentage of the body is water and even small amounts of dehydration can have significant effects on the performance (both sporting and mental performance).Additionally high fluid levels in the body help to protect it against overheating and also provide the means (blood) of transport for most substances in the body. The body’s digestive system breaks down food into smaller components which are easily absorbed by the body cells and tissues and utilized during an exercise. Diet therefore plays a very important part in the health and performance (both physical and mental performance) of an individual and should be taken seriously.

Gender roles Essay

Gender roles refer to the set of social, attitudinal and behavioral roles, norms and expectations that, within a definite culture, are also formally or informally required or widely measured to be socially appropriate for persons of a precise gender identity. They are constructed for a variety of genders in order to channelize their energies towards some socially intended goals, which are either frequently shared or affixed from many of the experimental differences in behaviors, attitudes and personalities, amid various genders, come naturally, a lot of of these characteristics are, either in part or wholly, socially constructed, therefore, a product of socialization experiences. Qualities of a meticulous gender identity do not need to be imposed through rules and norms, while artificial roles have to be ‘enforced’ on people throughout some kind of psycho-social mechanism. Gender roles of a particular sex may not always be in accordance with the normal or biological traits of that gender, and they may turn out to be too strict or constricting so as to cause in the oppression of that gender. This is because of the potential of the gender roles to manage the behavior of people that these roles have been tremendously politicized and manipulated with the ruling forces, for several millenniums now, resulting in severe oppression of every gender of humans. Gender has numerous valid definitions, but its here in reference to an individual’s inside sex or psychological sense of being a male or female irrespective of one’s (outer) sex identity as determining one’s sexual organs. We find three major genders: masculine (inner male identity), feminine (inner female identity) and neutral (a balance of inner male and female identity). In conclusion gender roles of women have been enforced on them through force, and have thus been extra visible. Men gender roles are difficult to enforce but are indirectly enforced. References Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review 352-365. Connell, Robert William: Gender and Power, Cambridge: University Press 1987.

Education Is Not the Key to Success Essay

Unfortunately, as the years went by, the idea of â€Å"Education is the key to success† got more, and more  enforced. People eventually started to believe that education was the single way to succeed, and the  only thing needed for success. Despite the fact, many Americans believe a college degree will lead  them to be successful, in reality, education is not the solitary way to succeed. Not everybody can receive an education, or even an excellent education from a â€Å"decent academic† college/university. There are many students who have no desire to attend college and who  would be much better off if they received training that would qualify them for a better- paid job with  just a high school diploma† (Finneran, 22). Many students today that are receiving a secondary  education are either doing it because they think it is the right thing to do, or because their parents told  them that the only way to succeed in today’s world was through a c ollege degree. Parents put a lot of  pressure on their children when it comes to college, and receiving an education. Some students are so  overly pressured that they believe that in order to be somebody n life, he/she must both attend college,  and receive a college degree; if it is possible go beyond bachelors. What many students and parents fail  to comprehend is that book learning is not the only thing needed to succeed. Success is made up of many skills; sure education is a building block of it, but it is not the key  to it. Success can be different for everybody. There are many careers out there that pay a good amount  of money and do not require a college degree. Some examples of careers that do not require a college  degree are: Police men, Dental Hygienist, Online Advertising Manager, Web Developer, Insurance agent,  Mechanic, hair stylist, construction, electrical technician, etc. If a person wants to be a police all he or she  needs to do is obtain 60 credits in any courses and go on to learn the skills he or she really needs for his or her  career. Education or book learning had nothing to do with the success of those people that chose to take  another path rather than the typical one (education). People can be successful in any field with the right  skills. Book learning has a lot to do with the knowledge a person has, but not with the skills a person  has. There are many A+ graduates out there that cannot get a job, or are stuck working at a place that had  nothing to do with their degree. A numerous amount of students in college care more about grades  than knowledge; some graduate having forgotten everything they ever learned. So there goes a college  graduate with little knowledge and no skills. Can a person like that succeed? No. That’s why education  is not the key to success. People cannot just go to college and expect that passing classes will get them  to succeed. The main thing a person needs in order to succeed is drive, motivation and passion. He/she has  to know what their end goal is and what they need to do to get it. â€Å"Commit to the achievement of the  elusive goal in your life† (Arcement, 101). The person has to go about learning what skills will take her  or him to be successful. One of the main skills a person should have is persistence. A person must  always keep going after his or her goal even if it takes years to reach. â€Å"Persistence takes discipline. Discipline is doing what you need to do, even though you don’t feel like doing it† (Lyman, 4). Two other  skills a person needs, is to be friendly, and kind. Being nice and friendly is significant. Like Lyman said,  being kind is important because it will beothers that will help a person be successful. Other people will  help a person get to where he or she wants to be. They will help the person envision what they want  and obtain a job. They will also help a person gain opportunity. People like to help others, but only if  the person is nice and friendly. Others want to have people with those qualities around them. Besides persistence and being nice and friendly a person also needs to have other life skills in order  to succeed. One of the skills a person needs is public speaking. A person needs to be able to express  themselves clearly in front of a group of people. â€Å"People who are effective speakers come across as  more comfortable with themselves, more confident, and more attractive to be around† (Wax, #1). Another skill is self-management, and the skills needed to obtain self-management are: strong sense of  discipline, sturdy organizational skills, and impressive productivity habits. A person needs to keep him  or herself on track. A third skill that a person needs is to know how to network. Knowing how to  network can build relationships nd those relationships can help a person land a job or career and take  them one step forward at being successful. These skills are really important to have. There are more skills that are really important to have in order to be successful in life, in a job,  or in a career. A person needs to know how to make effective decision making. â€Å"Being able to take  over the scene and respond quickly and effectively is what separates the doers from the  wannabes† (Wax, #6). Another skill that a person will need is time management. A person needs to  show that he or she is hungry for success and that he or she wants to be where he or he is at. What  employer would want to hire a person that will always be late? None. People should not be pressured to do something that they don’t want to do; parents should not  pressure their children into receiving a college education and obtaining a college degree. As it was  shown and proved, having a college education and obtaining a college degree can help you succeed, but  is not the key to success. In order for a person to succeed, he or she needs to have more than just bookà ‚  learning. A person needs to have skills to go with his or her career, job or education.

Macroeconomics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomics - Article Example It deals with the aggregated indicators such as price indices, GDP, unemployment, inflation, savings, investments, national income etc. It looks at prices of all goods and of all services. In short, it looks at whole economy. Macroeconomics also deal with the exchange rates. The higher will be the exchange rate, the lower will be the international demand due to expensive products. Macroeconomics deals with the critical economy issues such as inflation rate, unemployment rate, recession state etc. Recession is a period of two or more successive quarters of decreasing production. Scarcity of any resource becomes a cause of rise in price while access availability of any resource causes a fall in price of that commodity. Before we discuss U.S inflation, we must know the role of inflation. Inflation is basically an increase in average price level of a country while deflation is totally opposite to inflation. Deflation is the downward decrease in average prices level. Inflation in United States is also due to record oil prices that had increased the petrol price. Inflation is also caused by excessive money creation. Consumer Price Index (CPI), Consumption Expenditures Index (CPI) are tools to keep a check on average prices. One must thoroughly look into the average rise case because rise in the price of any one commodity may also cause a rise in price index. An average rise in the prices of food and beverages, apparel, energy prices, education, transportation, housing etc shows the horrible picture. As Inflation decreases the money value, countries consider it as a key issue. Change in prices of goods and services at domestic level is also measured by GDP deflator. Demand-pull inflation, Cost-push the ory (Supply shock inflation), Money Supply etc are the causes of inflation in a country. Economy of United States is also known for being rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil. Five large, inland lake flow along with the US border with Canada. That has been a reason of economic growth in the last few years and maintained a high overall GDP rate, a low unemployment rate but in the end of 2007, growth was hit by the troubles in the housing and credit market. Unemployment is also considered as one of the key factor in macroeconomics. Unemployment refers to people who are jobless and are seeking some work. The unemployment rate is obtained by dividing the number of unemployed persons by the number of persons in the labor force. It is mostly expressed in percentage as its value is less than one. It has been suggested that US growth could be cut to nearby 1.5% in 2008. Unemployment is also higher than it was at the end of the last boom in the l990s. The fall in the value of US dollar is also a hot topic nowadays. The Federal Reserve has cut rates in 2008 to control the situation. Investors seem least interested in dollar due to lower interest rates and due to significant trade deficit.

What microeconomic factors affect the role of U.S. gov't in the health Research Paper

What microeconomic factors affect the role of U.S. gov't in the health care system - Research Paper Example The quality and cost problems in the health care system, in United States, can be solved trough establishing a strong leadership from the federal government, and mobilizing and setting up the national priorities. This enhances development and promulgation of the standards in health care. The federal agency carries out these functions while the government designs the payment policies depending on performance standards, investment in information technology, and investment in research to improve the nationwide care (Greenfield 111–121). Health care in United States consumes a high percentage of gross domestic products, delivers diminishing values and eludes the remedies continuously. The present state of the healthcare represents functional and structural outcome of the historic contradictions that substantially damage the self organizing capacity. The changing political and economic cycles review show risks in the healthcare system. The improvement of quality healthcare in US requires stronger government leadership throughout the healthcare system. This does not preclude continued existence of the care system. Nonetheless, the strong federal leadership will enhance development and implementation of the strategies in enhancing the value from the government (Leatherman and McCarthy 305–312). The increased concern by the federal government for the costs in healthcare dates back to about fifteen years when accelerated the federal budget and costs on the national health after approval of Medicaid and Medicare. First proposals in health care cost strategies happened in 1970s. The Nixon administration advised the health policy experts during the health care crisis and proposed regulatory efforts and market policy. Administration envisioned to expand the health care maintenance organizations, HMOs, within five years time and enroll 40 million people in 1976. The

Storm Drainage Design Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Storm Drainage Design Project - Essay Example ertical axis using different scales, but their horizontal coordinates are the same based on hourly readings from the midnight of October 12 to 11:00 in the evening of October 15, 1998. Rainfall data was plotted using millimetres (mm) and the given observations were used as is. On the other hand, river data, which is usually plotted as a discharge in a unit of volume against time (cubic meters per second or liters per second) is drawn as a function of the given river width (B) and the velocity (V) of flow of the river (since discharge is a product of area and water flow velocity in this case) per hour of observation. The highest point (peak) of the blue line graph is 0.658 meter-BV per hour. The scale used was 1 x 10-1 m, such that 0.658 is represented as 6.58 x 10-1 m. This should explain why the highest number in the vertical axis is 7. It may be gleaned from Figure 3 that although observations were plotted every hour, the time markers were presented every three hours due to space limitations.). However, the data were analyzed using the original values and units of the river level per hour of observation. Prior to the rainfall in 4:00 on October 13, the average reading of the river height from the start of given observations for 28 consecutive hourly readings is 0.262 mm. This will be the basis of the base flow. After seven hours of rainfall, the first peak was observed at 11:00 of October 13 with a height of 1.2 mm. This marks the initiation of the rising limb of the river flood where the height of the river also started to rise compared to base flow. The rainfall data had twin peaks, with the second peak occurring at 21:00 of October or 10 hours after the first rainfall peak was observed. At 9:00 of October 14, 12 hours after the second peak of the rainfall, the peak flow of the river was recorded at 0.658 m. The amount of time for the peak flow to return back to base flow or base flow time is 46 hours. Several factors which influence the characteristics of

Delivering benefits (case study) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Delivering benefits (case study) - Essay Example There are two parts to a compensation package of any employee in any company, one is the motivation factor and the other is the maintenance factor and need. Motivation factors relate to the benefits such as job security, need for recognition, need for responsibility and other such related factors. The maintenance factor is one where employees need such as economic, social and physical needs. Benefits falls in this category and employees expect benefits, where benefits are not present employees may be dissatisfied. The absence of motivational factors greatly increase the expectation of maintenance factors of employees and it might be true vice versa as well, but what is more important is that corporations realize the needs for such benefits and make them readily available for all of the employees so that employee motivation levels do not go down and the corporation has no difficulty in the retention of employees because maintenance factors play a huge role when people decide if they want to switch jobs or not. At times there have been cases where people have worked at organizations only because the benefits that are being offered are great, another factor to consider is that these benefits should be customized to the needs of the employees because if that is not the case then it would not make any sense to offer such benefits. It is very important that FedEx uses group plans and gives options to its employees because that is the only effective way to reduce rising health care costs, which is one of the most important factor that employees look at before deciding whether or not to accept the job opportunity. 2. Prevention is better than cure; this stands true in the case of FedEx and every other company that offers such advantages to its employees, since the rising costs of health care has put it beyond the reach of many companies it is advised that companies work towards prevention of work related

Managing Performance in Turbulent Times Research Paper

Managing Performance in Turbulent Times - Research Paper Example This paper examines how Google competes in the world of the internet and e-commerce. It examines the various points which Google uses to gain an advantage of its competitors and remain at the top of the industry. Barrows & Nechy (2011 p85) identify that the brain behind the success of Google lies in its ability to innovate. As compared to its competitors, Google spends more time and effort to identify new communication systems and methods at different points in time. Although Google started as a search engine company, it spent time and money to research and identify the true needs and desires of customers. In 2005, they launched personal email services which they believed was in demand by the markets. â€Å"They pursue a strategy that aims at increasing the capacity of computers and communication† (Png & Lehman, 2007 p3). This means that research and development are a fundamental part of Google. They put in more effort to find out what consumers need at every point in time and work to provide that specific service according to the highest standards and expectations possible. Google, therefore, sets out to organize the world's information rather than just make a profit for the sake of getting money from the consumers (Carter et al, 2011 p147). They, therefore, try to find ways of satisfying consumer needs at specific times. Google, therefore, has competitors not only in the normal internet companies but also, traditional publishers and other outlets. Google is aware that it operates in one of the most turbulent industries in the world. They, therefore, appreciate the fact that consumer needs change at a regular interval. Google, therefore, changes regularly to meet these demands. On the average, Google makes major changes to its strategy each month (Carter et al, 2011 p148). The internal structures of Google support its vision of leading in innovation. Googles workers are grouped in teams  of 20 – 50 employees under a single manager.

Application of TQM principles in manufacturing, Term Paper

Application of TQM principles in manufacturing, - Term Paper Example Introduction Quality assumes a multidimensional facet of business outcomes and activities. Various meanings attached to quality include conformance to specifications, performance, reliability, promptness, consistency, meeting customer expectations, hygiene etc. Organizations attach one or more of these attributes to their meaning of quality and thus strive towards achievement of all through Total Quality Management (TQM). TQM has been viewed in many ways by different scholars. A comprehensive definition would include what Hellesten and Klefsjo (2000) had used to describe TQM as, ‘a management system consisting of core values, techniques, and tools with the aim of increasing external and internal customers’ satisfaction with reduced resources. It aims at establishing a culture based on core values, and choose techniques, which support the values and tools suitable for the chosen techniques (as cited in Fredriksson, 2003; p.226). An evaluation of total quality management t hrough operations management strategies in manufacturing, service and nonprofit industrial sectors will be presented along with a general and critical review of these practices. Background: In the manufacturing sector, TQM concept was, in fact, revolutionized by the giant automotive company, Toyota, which was originally a Japanese native but currently a multinational setup. Daft (2008) candidly states, â€Å"Toyota is a model what happens when a company makes a strong commitment to total quality management,† (p.468). Although TQM was a concept that originated in the United States, its popularity and promising philosophy was grounded in quality management only after Toyota displayed its success from Japan. This was accomplished through steady performance over the years unlike other automotives of the West that ruled the market for short time; yet, Toyota’s success still remains, and is attributed to its TQM principles. Significance of Toyota’s way of working was realized by the rest of the world during 1990s through its highly efficient and fast design systems, most reliable and cost-efficient products and highly paid labor (Liker, 2004). Liker (2004) asserts that Toyota’s way of operations management, popularly referred to as the Toyota Production System, is a result of its quality management that goes beyond one’s belief along with congruent culture, referred to as the Toyota Way. A well-known service firm that attributes its success to TQM philosophy is Starbucks, the coffee shop that promises a delightful experience to its customers. Starbucks was started in 1971 at Pike Place Market, Seattle. More often, the name of this famous coffee place is accompanied by Howard Schultz, the salesperson that was instrumental in Starbucks’ immense success and later assumed the role of Starbucks’ CEO and Chairperson. Starbucks has recorded steady growth in the field of food and beverage industry during last 3 decades throug h its fierce competition, unmatched quality, delightful customer experience, cost-oriented operational strategies and the best human resources management practices. Starbucks is often quoted for its Total Quality Management practices and has been an example for many other entrepreneurial initiatives. Pahl (2009) highlights, â€Å"from a single store in Seattle, Starbucks has grown to operate more than 15000 stores across the world and employs more than 172,000

The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien - Essay Example There are many reasons as to why the notion that Bilbo’s decision to go on the adventure was not due to peer pressure but one which was associated with his inner most desires being put forward. It is easy to believe that people never change, however while some might believe that others put faith in the notion that if given an opportunity everyone changes. As far as J.R.R Tolkien’s character Bilbo Baggins is concerned, an alteration of this character that undergoes significant changes is evident to the reader. The truth of the matter is that the true nature of an individual is brought to the surface when he is put under several tests. These tests for Bilbo were the adventures he undertakes. So we might say that this transformation might have been insightful but these characteristics, brave, resourceful and adventurous were always who Bilbo Baggins was. These hidden characteristics were a big part of why Bilbo Baggins decided to undertake this journey in order to find himself. His boring monotonous yet comfortable life and his forthright denial were just based on the forced perception of the Hobbits as creatures who were not at all adventurous or brave or prone to taking risks. Where society believed he was a coward he managed to prove them wrong in the way we see Bilbo fight the great spider by using his little sword. We see how slaying the great monster made Bilbo realize that without anyone else’s help he had managed to overcome a great hurdle. This independence and bravery were his defining characteristics as he had gloriously prevailed as the victor despite the enormity of his opponent. He now managed to see himself as the person Gandalf was known he was when he had extended to him the invitation to embark on the adventure. There are other reasons which would explain why Bilbo was so against the idea of going on the adventure when Gandalf had initially asked him. It had little to do with the Hobbit really wanted but